Cov kev xav tau zoo rau cov qauv welded, cov khoom siv welded, thiab cov pob qij txha welded yog ntau yam. Lawv suav nrog cov kev xav tau sab hauv xws li kev sib koom ua haujlwm thiab koom haum. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv qhov tsos, zoo li, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov loj me, kev tsim cov vuam seam, nto thiab sab hauv tsis zoo. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lawv sai li sai tau, txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem, kev tsom xam macroscopic feem ntau yog siv ua ntej, ua raws cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws microscopic yog tias tsim nyog.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsom xam macro yog qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov pob qij txha welded. Feem ntau siv cov qauv qis-magnification tsom xam ntawm metallographic microscope, cov teeb meem sab hauv uas tsim los ntawm cov welded pob qij txha raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm metallographic low-magnification, thiab qhov ua rau ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yog txiav txim siab nrog kev tsom xam ntawm high-magnification microstructure, thiab txoj kev zam thiab Kev tshem tawm tau pom los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov pob qij txha welded. zoo.
Los ntawm kev ua piv txwv, sib tsoo, etching thiab thaij duab qis, peb tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb thiab nkag siab txog qhov tsis xws luag ntawm welded pob qij txha, thiab ua ke nrog cov qauv siv vuam sib xws, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim seb cov txheej txheem vuam, cov neeg ua haujlwm vuam, thiab cov qauv vuam tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau. cov kev cai tsim nyog. Kev xav tau.
Raws li qhov ua rau ntawm kev tsim thiab qhov tsis xws luag, weld macro defects tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
1. Stomata
Thaum lub sij hawm crystallization txheej txheem ntawm lub vuam pas dej ua ke, qee cov gases yuav nyob twj ywm hauv daim iav vuam los ua qhov pores vim lawv tsis muaj sij hawm los khiav.
Porosity yog ib qho tsis xws luag hauv cov pob qij txha welded. Porosity tsis tsuas yog tshwm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub weld, tab sis kuj feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv lub weld. Nws tsis yog yooj yim los kuaj xyuas nrog cov txheej txheem yooj yim thaum lub sij hawm vuam ntau lawm, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Vuam pores uas tshwm sim hauv qhov vuam yog hu ua internal pores, thiab pores uas qhib sab nraud feem ntau hu ua qhov pores.
2. Slag suav nrog
Slag inclusion yog molten slag los yog lwm yam uas tsis yog-metallic inclusions nyob rau hauv lub weld, uas yog ib tug ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub weld.
Hauv kev vuam siv cov hlau nplaum uas muaj cov hlau nplaum, xws li submerged arc vuam, cov plua plav ua slag vim qhov tsis zoo, lossis hauv CO2 vuam txoj kev tsis muaj flux, cov khoom deoxidation tsim slag, uas tseem nyob rau hauv ntau txheej weld hlau. Muaj peev xwm tsim slag suav nrog.
3. Kev nkag mus tsis txaus thiab fusion
Kev nkag mus tsis tiav yog hais txog qhov seem ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke uas tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv lub sijhawm vuam.
Tsis muaj fusion yog ib qho tsis xws luag. Nws hais txog qhov sib txawv hauv zos ntawm cov hlau molten weld thiab lub hauv paus hlau los yog nruab nrab ntawm cov hlaws dai uas nyob ib sab thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Lub hauv paus hlau thiab lub hauv paus hlau tsis yog tag nrho melted thiab ua ke thaum qhov chaw vuam. Ib txhia hu ua unfused.
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4. Kev tawg
Cov kab nrib pleb tau muab faib ua cov kab nrib pleb kub (pob zeb tawg, kub kub liquefaction tawg, kab nrib pleb), cov kab nrib pleb txias (ntev kab nrib pleb, hardening embrittlement tawg, tsis tshua muaj plasticity tawg), reheat tawg, thiab lamellar kua muag raws li lawv cov duab thiab ua rau. Crack thiab lwm yam.
5. Txom nyem
Undercut qee zaum hu ua undercut. Nws yog qhov zawj uas qis dua qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hauv paus hlau ntawm cov ntiv taw weld vim tias cov hlau tso rau hauv cov hlau tsis tau npog tag nrho cov melted ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thaum vuam. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm vuam arc melting ntug ntawm lub vuam. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau molten los ntawm lub vuam pas nrig tsis tau ntxiv.
Ib qho kev sib sib zog nqus tob dhau yuav ua rau lub zog sib koom ua ke tsis muaj zog thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab hauv qab.
6. Lwm yam tsis xws luag
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tsis xws luag saum toj no, qhov tsis xws luag hauv welds muaj xws li looseness, txias rwb thaiv tsev, kub-dhau, weld nodules, shrinkage kab noj hniav, pits, sag, uneven weld ceg loj, ntau concavity / convexity, thiab incorrect weld toe angle. tos.
Post lub sij hawm: May-27-2024
