Ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, lwm yam txheej txheem vuam, xws li zawj qhov loj thiab qhov sib txawv, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm, thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim vuam thiab vuam loj.
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1. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm vuam tam sim no ntawm vuam seam tsim
Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, raws li lub arc welding tam sim no nce, qhov nkag mus tob thiab residual qhov siab ntawm weld nce, thiab qhov nkag dav dav nce me ntsis. Cov laj thawj yog raws li nram no:
Raws li lub arc vuam tam sim no nce, lub arc quab yuam ua ntawm lub vuam nce, cov cua kub ntawm lub arc mus rau qhov vuam nce, thiab cov cua kub qhov chaw txav mus rau hauv qab, uas yog conducive rau tshav kub conduction mus rau qhov tob ntawm lub molten pas dej ua ke thiab nce. qhov tob tob. Qhov tob nkag mus yog kwv yees li proportional rau lub vuam tam sim no, uas yog, qhov tob tob tob H yog kwv yees li sib npaug rau Km × I.
2) Lub melting ceev ntawm arc vuam core lossis vuam hlau yog proportional rau vuam tam sim no. Raws li cov vuam tam sim no ntawm arc welding nce, qhov ceev ntawm cov vuam hlau nce, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov welding hlau melted nce kwv yees li proportionally, thaum lub melting dav nce tsawg, yog li qhov vuam qhov cuab lub zog nce.
3) Tom qab vuam tam sim no nce, txoj kab uas hla ntawm arc kem nce, tab sis qhov tob ntawm lub arc nkag mus rau hauv lub workpiece nce, thiab qhov txav ntawm qhov chaw arc yog txwv, yog li qhov nce hauv qhov dav ntawm qhov sib txawv me me.
Thaum lub sij hawm gas shielded arc welding, qhov vuam tam sim no nce thiab qhov sib nqus nkag qhov tob nce. Yog tias qhov vuam tam sim no loj dhau thiab qhov ceev tam sim no siab dhau lawm, kev nkag mus zoo li ntiv tes yuav tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum vuam aluminium.
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm arc voltage ntawm vuam seam tsim
Thaum lwm yam xwm txheej yog qhov tseeb, nce qhov arc voltage yuav nce lub zog arc raws li, thiab cov cua sov nkag mus rau qhov vuam yuav nce. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nce hauv arc voltage yog ua tiav los ntawm kev nce qhov ntev ntawm arc. Qhov nce ntawm qhov ntev ntawm arc nce lub arc tshav kub qhov hluav taws xob, nce arc tshav kub dissipation, thiab txo lub zog ceev ntawm cov khoom siv vuam. Yog li ntawd, qhov tob tob me ntsis txo qis thaum qhov tob tob tob zuj zus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txij li qhov vuam tam sim no tseem tsis hloov pauv, cov nyiaj melting ntawm cov vuam hlau tseem nyob hauv qhov tsis hloov, ua rau lub vuam qhov cuab yeej txo qis.
Ntau yam arc vuam txoj kev yog siv kom tau qhov tsim nyog vuam seam tsim, uas yog, kom muaj qhov tsim nyog vuam seam tsim coefficient φ, thiab ua kom lub arc voltage kom tsim nyog thaum nce vuam tam sim no. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub arc voltage thiab vuam tam sim no muaj kev sib raug zoo tsim nyog. . Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov hlau arc vuam.
3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm vuam ceev ntawm vuam tsim
Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, ua rau lub vuam ceev yuav ua rau kom txo tau cov vuam cua sov input, yog li txo ob lub weld dav thiab nkag mus rau qhov tob. Txij li thaum tus nqi ntawm cov hlau hlau deposition ib chav tsev ntev ntawm weld yog inversely proportional rau vuam ceev, lub weld reinforcement kuj txo.
Vuam ceev yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas kev tsim khoom ntawm vuam. Txhawm rau txhim kho vuam tsim tau, qhov vuam ceev yuav tsum tau nce. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov xav tau qhov loj me hauv kev tsim qauv, qhov vuam tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob arc yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv thaum nce vuam ceev. Peb cov khoom no muaj kev sib txheeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tias thaum nce qhov vuam tam sim no, arc voltage, thiab vuam ceev (uas yog, siv lub zog vuam arc thiab siab vuam ceev vuam), vuam tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim thaum tsim cov molten. pas dej ua ke thiab cov txheej txheem solidification ntawm lub pas dej molten, xws li tom. Ntug, kab nrib pleb, thiab lwm yam, yog li muaj kev txwv kom nce qhov vuam ceev.
4. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm vuam tam sim no hom thiab polarity thiab electrode loj ntawm vuam tsim
1. Hom thiab polarity ntawm vuam tam sim no
Hom vuam tam sim no muab faib ua DC thiab AC. Ntawm lawv, DC arc vuam muab faib ua DC tas li thiab DC pulses raws li qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj pulses ntawm tam sim no; Raws li qhov polarity, nws tau muab faib ua DC rau pem hauv ntej kev sib txuas (lub vuam yog txuas nrog qhov zoo) thiab DC thim rov qab txuas (qhov vuam txuas nrog qhov tsis zoo). AC arc vuam muab faib ua sine yoj AC thiab square yoj AC raws li qhov sib txawv waveforms tam sim no. Hom thiab polarity ntawm cov vuam tam sim no cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov arc mus rau qhov vuam, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev tsim vuam. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab tshem tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus hlau.
Thaum tungsten arc vuam siv los vuam hlau, titanium thiab lwm yam khoom siv hlau, qhov tob tob ntawm qhov vuam tsim yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thaum txuas ncaj qha tam sim no, qhov nkag mus yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thaum tam sim no rov qab txuas, thiab AC yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. ob. Txij li thaum weld nkag mus yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas ncaj qha tam sim no thiab cov tungsten electrode burning poob yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, kev txuas ncaj qha tam sim no yuav tsum tau siv thaum vuam steel, titanium thiab lwm yam khoom siv hlau nrog tungsten electrode argon arc vuam. Thaum tungsten argon arc vuam siv pulsed DC vuam, cov mem tes tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho, yog li cov vuam seam tsim loj tuaj yeem tswj tau raws li qhov xav tau. Thaum welding aluminium, magnesium thiab lawv cov alloys nrog tungsten arc vuam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau siv cov cathodic tu nyhuv ntawm arc los ntxuav cov oxide zaj duab xis rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus khoom. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv AC. Txij li thaum lub waveform tsis ntawm lub square yoj AC yog adjustable, qhov vuam nyhuv yog zoo dua. .
Thaum lub sij hawm hlau arc vuam, qhov vuam qhov tob thiab qhov dav hauv DC qhov kev sib txuas rov qab yog qhov loj dua qhov sib txuas ncaj qha tam sim no, thiab qhov tob tob thiab dav hauv AC vuam yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm submerged arc vuam, DC rov qab kev twb kev txuas yog siv kom tau txais kev nkag mus ntau dua; Thaum lub sij hawm submerged arc surfacing vuam, DC txuas rau pem hauv ntej yog siv los txo qhov nkag. Thaum lub sij hawm gas shielded arc vuam, qhov tob nkag tsis tsuas yog loj dua thaum lub sij hawm DC rov qab kev twb kev txuas, tab sis kuj lub vuam arc thiab droplet hloov cov txheej txheem yog ruaj khov dua li cov thaum lub sij hawm ncaj qha tam sim no kev twb kev txuas thiab AC, thiab nws kuj muaj ib tug cathode tu nyhuv, yog li nws yog dav siv, thaum DC rau pem hauv ntej kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas lus feem ntau tsis siv.
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm tungsten tip tip shape, wire inch thiab extension length
Lub kaum sab xis thiab cov duab ntawm lub tungsten electrode pem hauv ntej kawg muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub arc concentration thiab arc siab, thiab yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li qhov loj ntawm vuam tam sim no thiab thickness ntawm lub vuam. Feem ntau, qhov ntau concentrated lub arc thiab ntau dua qhov arc siab, qhov ntau dua qhov tob tob thiab qhov sib thooj hauv qhov dav nkag mus.
Thaum lub sij hawm gas hlau arc vuam, thaum vuam tam sim no tas mus li, lub thinner vuam hlau, qhov ntau concentrated lub arc cua sov yuav, qhov tob tob yuav nce, thiab qhov nkag dav yuav txo. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xaiv cov vuam hlau txoj kab uas hla hauv cov phiaj xwm vuam tiag tiag, qhov loj me tam sim no thiab lub pas dej molten yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Thaum qhov ntev ntawm lub vuam hlau nyob rau hauv cov roj hlau arc vuam nce, qhov kev tiv thaiv tshav kub uas tsim los ntawm cov vuam tam sim no los ntawm qhov txuas txuas ntawm cov vuam hlau nce, uas ua rau cov hlau nrawm nrawm nrawm, yog li cov vuam vuam nce ntxiv thiab nkag mus tob zuj zus. Txij li thaum lub zog ntawm cov hlau vuam hlau yog qhov loj, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov vuam hlau ntawm cov vuam seam tsim yog pom tseeb dua hauv cov hlau thiab cov hlau zoo. Lub resistivity ntawm aluminium welding hlau yog me me thiab nws cov cawv tsis tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias qhov kev ncua ntev ntawm cov vuam hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho cov coefficient ntawm cov vuam hlau, xav txog qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov yaj ntawm cov vuam hlau thiab tsim cov vuam seam, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov ntev. vuam hlau.
5. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam txheej txheem ntawm vuam seam forming yam
Ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem saum toj no, lwm yam txheej txheem vuam, xws li zawj qhov loj thiab qhov sib txawv, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm, thiab spatial txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev sib koom tes, kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov tsim thiab vuam loj.
1. Grooves thiab qhov khoob
Thaum arc vuam siv los vuam pob qij txha, seb puas yuav khaws qhov sib txawv, qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab daim ntawv ntawm qhov zawj feem ntau txiav txim siab raws li qhov tuab ntawm cov phaj welded. Thaum lwm yam kev mob tsis tu ncua, qhov loj ntawm qhov zawj lossis qhov sib txawv, qhov me dua qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov welded seam, uas yog sib npaug rau qhov txo qis hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub vuam seam, thiab lub sij hawm no qhov sib piv ntawm fusion txo. Yog li ntawd, tawm hauv qhov khoob lossis qhib qhov zawj tuaj yeem siv los tswj qhov loj ntawm qhov kev txhawb zog thiab kho qhov sib piv fusion. Piv nrog beveling yam tsis tau tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov cua sov dissipation tej yam kev mob ntawm ob yog txawv me ntsis. Feem ntau hais lus, lub crystallization tej yam kev mob ntawm beveling yog zoo dua.
2. Electrode (welding hlau) inclination lub kaum sab xis
Thaum lub sij hawm arc vuam, raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm electrode qaij kev taw qhia thiab vuam kev taw qhia, nws muab faib ua ob hom: electrode pem hauv ntej qaij thiab electrode rov qab qaij. Thaum lub vuam hlau tilts, lub arc axis kuj tilts raws li. Thaum lub vuam hlau tig mus rau pem hauv ntej, cov nyhuv ntawm arc quab yuam ntawm qhov rov qab tawm ntawm lub pas dej molten hlau tsis muaj zog, cov kua hlau txheej hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej molten ua thicker, qhov tob tob zuj zus, qhov tob ntawm qhov arc nkag mus. Nyob rau hauv lub weldment txo, qhov arc qhov chaw txav ntau nthuav dav, thiab cov yaj qhov dav nce, thiab cov coheight txo. Qhov me me rau pem hauv ntej lub kaum sab xis α ntawm vuam hlau, qhov pom tseeb dua qhov no yog. Thaum lub vuam hlau yog tilted rov qab, qhov teeb meem no yog opposite. Thaum siv electrode arc vuam, feem ntau siv electrode back-tilt txoj kev, thiab lub inclination lub kaum sab xis α yog nruab nrab ntawm 65 ° thiab 80 °.
3. Inclining lub kaum sab xis ntawm vuam
Lub qaij ntawm lub vuam yog feem ntau ntsib hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua upslope welding thiab downslope welding. Lub sijhawm no, lub pas dej molten hlau nyiam ntws mus rau hauv txoj kab nqes hauv qab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Thaum nce toj vuam, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus pab lub pas dej molten hlau txav mus rau tom qab ntawm lub pas dej molten, yog li qhov nkag mus tob yog qhov loj, qhov dav molten yog nqaim, thiab qhov siab ntxiv yog loj. Thaum lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub kaum sab xis yog 6 ° txog 12 °, qhov kev txhawb zog loj dhau lawm thiab qhov kev txiav tawm yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ob sab. Thaum lub sij hawm downslope vuam, cov nyhuv no tiv thaiv cov hlau hauv lub pas dej molten los ntawm kev tawm mus rau tom qab ntawm lub pas dej molten. Lub arc tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sov cov hlau nyob hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej molten. Qhov tob tob tob zuj zus, qhov arc qhov chaw txav tau nthuav dav, qhov dav molten nce, thiab qhov seem qhov siab txo. Yog hais tias lub inclination lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub weldment loj heev, nws yuav ua rau tsis txaus nkag mus thiab overflow ntawm cov kua hlau nyob rau hauv lub molten pas dej ua ke.
4. Weldment khoom thiab thickness
Lub weld nkag mus yog cuam tshuam nrog vuam tam sim no, nrog rau cov thermal conductivity thiab volumetric tshav kub muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom. Qhov zoo dua cov thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov ntau dua lub volumetric tshav kub muaj peev xwm, lub tshav kub ntau yuav tsum tau yaj chav tsev ntim ntawm hlau thiab nce tib yam kub. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob xws li welding tam sim no thiab lwm yam kev mob, qhov nkag mus tob thiab dav yuav cia li txo. Qhov ntau dua qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom lossis cov viscosity ntawm cov kua, qhov nyuaj dua nws yog rau lub arc kom tshem tawm cov kua dej hauv pas dej ua ke, thiab qhov tob tob ntawm qhov nkag. Lub thickness ntawm lub welding cuam tshuam cov conduction ntawm tshav kub nyob rau hauv lub weldment. Thaum lwm yam kev mob zoo ib yam, lub thickness ntawm cov welding nce, lub tshav kub dissipation nce, thiab qhov nkag dav thiab nkag mus tob.
5. Flux, electrode txheej thiab shielding roj
Kev sib txawv ntawm cov flux lossis electrode txheej ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov polar voltage tee thiab arc kem muaj peev xwm gradients ntawm arc, uas yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov vuam. Thaum cov flux ceev me me, qhov loj me me, los yog qhov siab stacking me me, lub siab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub arc yog qis, arc kem nthuav dav, thiab qhov chaw arc txav mus rau qhov loj, yog li qhov nkag mus tob me me, lub melting dav yog loj, thiab residual qhov siab yog me me. Thaum welding tuab qhov chaw nrog high-power arc vuam, siv pumice-zoo li flux tuaj yeem txo cov arc siab, txo qhov tob tob, thiab nce qhov dav nkag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub vuam slag yuav tsum muaj qhov tsim nyog viscosity thiab melting kub. Yog hais tias lub viscosity siab dhau lawm los yog lub melting kub yog siab, lub slag yuav muaj huab cua permeability tsis zoo, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim ntau lub siab pits rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm weld, thiab deformation ntawm weld yuav tsis zoo.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm shielding gas (xws li Ar, Nws, N2, CO2) siv nyob rau hauv arc vuam yog txawv, thiab nws lub cev muaj zog xws li thermal conductivity yog txawv, uas cuam tshuam rau lub polar siab poob ntawm lub arc, lub peev xwm gradient ntawm lub arc kem, qhov kev hla hla ntawm kab arc, thiab cov plasma flow force. , tshwj xeeb kub ntws faib, thiab lwm yam., tag nrho cov uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm lub vuam.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau weld tsim. Yuav kom tau txais kev tsim cov vuam zoo, koj yuav tsum xaiv raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov tuab ntawm cov vuam, qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam, daim ntawv sib koom ua ke, cov kev ua haujlwm, cov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib koom ua haujlwm thiab qhov loj ntawm vuam, thiab lwm yam. welding tej yam kev mob yog siv rau vuam, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov welder tus cwj pwm ntawm vuam! Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim cov vuam seam thiab kev ua tau zoo yuav tsis ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab ntau yam vuam tsis xws luag tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-27-2024
