Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm riam yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej. Thaum ntxov li 28th mus rau 20th centuries BC, tooj dag cones thiab tooj liab cones, xyaum, riam thiab lwm yam tooj liab riam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Nyob rau lub sijhawm Warring States lig (thib peb caug xyoo BC), rab riam tooj liab tau tsim los ntawm kev paub txog kev siv tshuab carburizing. Drills thiab saws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws nrog cov kev xyaum tiaj tus niaj hnub thiab cov saws.
Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm riam tuaj nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuab xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub xyoo pua 18th.
Nyob rau hauv 1783, René ntawm Fabkis thawj tsim milling cutters. Xyoo 1923, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Schrotter tau tsim cov cemented carbide. Thaum siv cov cemented carbide, qhov ua tau zoo yog ntau tshaj li ob zaug ntawm cov hlau ceev, thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom ua tiav los ntawm kev txiav kuj zoo heev.
Vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm high-speed steel thiab cemented carbide, xyoo 1938, German Degusa Company tau txais patent ntawm cov riam ceramic. Xyoo 1972, General Electric Company ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim cov pob zeb diamond polycrystalline thiab polycrystalline cubic boron nitride hniav. Cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau no tso cai rau cov cuab yeej txiav ntawm qhov nrawm dua.
Xyoo 1969, Swedish Sandvik Steel Works tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj rau kev tsim cov titanium carbide-coated carbide inserts los ntawm cov tshuaj vapor deposition. Xyoo 1972, Bangsha thiab Lagolan hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev vapor deposition rau txheej txheej tawv ntawm titanium carbide lossis titanium nitride rau saum npoo ntawm cemented carbide lossis cov cuab yeej siv hlau ceev. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheej ua ke ua ke lub zog siab thiab tawv ntawm cov khoom siv nrog lub siab tawv thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm txheej txheej, kom cov khoom sib xyaw muaj kev ua tau zoo dua.
Vim tias qhov kub thiab txias, kev kub siab, kev kub ceev, thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv cov kua dej corrosive, ntau thiab ntau nyuaj-rau-tshuab cov ntaub ntawv yog siv, thiab automation theem ntawm kev txiav thiab cov kev cai rau kev ua kom raug tau siab dua thiab siab dua. . Thaum xaiv lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub cuab yeej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam, xws li cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv (ntxhiab, xov), thiab lwm yam, thiab yuav tsum tau xaiv kom tsim nyog raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Cov cuab yeej siv: cov hlau ceev ceev, cemented carbide (xws li cermet), ceramics, CBN (cubic boron nitride), PCD (polycrystalline pob zeb diamond), vim hais tias lawv hardness yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj ib, yog li feem ntau hais lus, txiav ceev kuj yog ib qho. siab dua lwm tus.
Cov khoom siv ntsuas kev ua haujlwm
Kev kub ceev steel:
Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau zoo tib yam high-speed steel thiab high-speed steel.
Ordinary high-speed steel, xws li W18Cr4V, yog siv dav hauv kev tsim ntau yam riam phom. Nws qhov kev txiav ceev feem ntau tsis siab dhau, thiab nws yog 40-60m / min thaum txiav cov khoom siv hlau.
Cov hlau ua haujlwm siab ceev, xws li W12Cr4V4Mo, yog smelted los ntawm kev ntxiv qee cov ntsiab lus carbon, vanadium cov ntsiab lus, cobalt, txhuas thiab lwm yam khoom rau cov hlau zoo tib yam. Nws cov kav ntev yog 1.5-3 npaug ntawm cov hlau zoo tib yam.
Carbide:
Raws li GB2075-87 (nrog rau kev siv rau 190 tus qauv), nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: P, M, thiab K. P-hom cemented carbide yog siv los ua cov hlau ferrous nrog cov chips ntev, thiab xiav yog siv los ua ib qho cim; M-hom feem ntau yog siv los ua cov hlau ferrous. Thiab cov hlau tsis-ferrous, cim nrog daj, tseem hu ua general-purpose hard alloys, K hom yog tsuas yog siv rau kev ua ferrous hlau, non-ferrous hlau thiab non-metallic cov ntaub ntawv nrog luv luv chips, cim nrog liab.
Cov lej Arabic tom qab P, M, thiab K qhia nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm thauj khoom lossis kev ua haujlwm. Tus lej tsawg dua, qhov nyuaj dua thiab qhov hnyav dua qhov toughness.
ceramics:
Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic muaj qhov hnav tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua cov ntaub ntawv hardness uas nyuaj los yog ua tsis tau nrog cov cuab yeej ib txwm ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej txiav ceramic tuaj yeem tshem tawm lub zog siv ntawm kev ua haujlwm annealing, thiab yog li ntawd kuj tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv thiab ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab.
Kev sib txhuam ntawm cov hniav ceramic thiab cov hlau yog me me thaum txiav, txiav tsis yooj yim rau lo rau ntawm cov hniav, thiab nws tsis yooj yim los tsim cov ntug tsim, thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua tau high-speed txiav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tib yam kev mob, lub nto roughness ntawm lub workpiece yog kuj tsawg. Cov cuab yeej siv tau ntev yog ob peb zaug lossis ntau lub sijhawm ntau dua li cov cuab yeej ib txwm siv, uas txo cov cuab yeej hloov pauv thaum ua haujlwm; kub tsis kam, zoo liab hardness. Nws tuaj yeem txiav tsis tu ncua ntawm 1200 ° C. Yog li ntawd, kev txiav ceev ntawm ceramic inserts tuaj yeem siab dua li ntawm cemented carbide. Nws tuaj yeem ua kev txiav ceev lossis paub "hloov kev sib tsoo nrog tig thiab milling". Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txiav yog 3-10 npaug siab dua li cov cuab yeej txiav tsoos, ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txuag txiv neej-teev, hluav taws xob, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab los ntawm 30-70% lossis ntau dua.
CBN:
Qhov no yog qhov thib ob siab tshaj plaws hardness khoom tam sim no paub. Lub hardness ntawm CBN composite ntawv feem ntau yog HV3000 ~ 5000, uas muaj thermal stability thiab siab kub hardness, thiab muaj siab oxidation kuj. Oxidation tshwm sim, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim nrog cov khoom siv hlau ntawm 1200-1300 ° C. Nws muaj thermal conductivity zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient.
Polycrystalline pob zeb diamond PCD:
Pob zeb diamond riam muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm siab hardness, siab compressive zog, zoo thermal conductivity thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab tuaj yeem tau txais kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ua haujlwm siab hauv kev txiav ceev. Txij li cov qauv ntawm PCD yog cov pob zeb zoo nkauj sintered lub cev nrog cov kev taw qhia sib txawv, nws cov tawv tawv thiab hnav tsis kam tseem qis dua li cov pob zeb diamond ib leeg txawm tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntawv khi. Lub affinity ntawm non-ferrous hlau thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog-metallic yog heev me me, thiab chips tsis yooj yim rau lo rau lub ntsis ntawm lub cuab tam los tsim-up ntug thaum ua.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv:
High-speed steel: feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas yuav tsum tau siab toughness xws li cov cuab yeej thiab complex duab;
Cemented carbide: qhov dav tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv, muaj peev xwm ua tau;
Ceramics: Feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ntxhib machining thiab high-speed machining ntawm qhov nyuaj tig thiab cam khwb cia hlau qhov chaw;
CBN: Feem ntau yog siv rau hauv qhov nyuaj tig thiab ceev machining ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia (feem ntau hais lus, nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov ceramics ntawm kev hnav tsis kam, cuam tshuam toughness thiab tawg tsis kam);
PCD: Feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov khoom tsis yog hlau.
Xinfa CNC cov cuab yeej muaj zoo heev thiab muaj zog durability, kom paub meej, thov mus saib: https://www.xinfatools.com/cnc-tools/
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-02-2023
