Ntxiv rau qhov hluav taws xob tib yam, kub hnyiab, thiab hluav taws kub nyhiab xws li phau ntawv arc vuam, argon arc vuam kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau zaus, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, vuam cov pa luam yeeb, thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas muaj zog dua li phau ntawv arc vuam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov hluav taws xob ntau zaus thiab ozone.
1. Tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm high-frequency electromagnetic teb
1. Tsim thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj ntawm high-frequency electromagnetic teb
Hauv tungsten arc vuam thiab plasma arc vuam, cov oscillators nquag siv los txhawb cov arc. Qee lub tshuab AC argon arc vuam kuj tseem siv cov oscillators kom ruaj khov. Qhov zaus ntawm cov zaus oscillator feem ntau siv hauv vuam yog 200-500 txhiab cycles, qhov hluav taws xob yog 2500-3500 volts, qhov siab zaus tam sim no yog 3-7 mA, thiab qhov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob yog li 140-190 volts. / meter. Lub sij hawm ntev ntawm cov welders rau high-frequency electromagnetic teb tuaj yeem ua rau lub paj hlwb tsis ua haujlwm thiab neurasthenia. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li kev qaug zog, kiv taub hau, npau suav, mob taub hau, nco tsis tau, qaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov, insomnia thiab ntshav siab.
Kev siv cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv rau high-frequency electromagnetic teb qhia tias qhov tso cai hluav taws xob siv rau 8 teev ntawm qhov raug yog 20 V / m. Raws li kev ntsuas, qhov kev siv ntawm high-frequency electromagnetic teb tau txais los ntawm tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm lub welder thaum lub sij hawm phau ntawv tungsten arc vuam tshaj tus qauv. Ntawm lawv, qhov kev siv ntawm tes yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, tshaj li cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv ntau dua 5 zaug. Yog hais tias lub siab zaus oscillator tsuas yog siv rau arc ignition, qhov cuam tshuam yuav me me vim lub sij hawm luv luv, tab sis ntev ntev kuj tseem muaj teeb meem, thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo yuav tsum tau ua.
2. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau zaus
⑴ Rau arc ignition thiab arc stabilization ntsuas nyob rau hauv argon arc vuam, sim siv transistor mem tes li es tsis txhob ntawm high-frequency oscillation li, los yog tsuas yog rau arc ignition. Tom qab lub arc ignites, tam sim ntawd txiav tawm lub high-frequency fais fab mov.
⑵ Txo qhov zaus oscillation, hloov lub capacitor thiab inductor tsis, thiab txo cov zaus oscillation mus rau 30,000 cycles kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev. rau
⑶ Rau cov hlau thaiv thiab cov xov hlau, siv cov tooj liab braided mos cov xov hlau, muab lawv nyob ib puag ncig sab nraud ntawm lub cable hose (xws li cov xov hlau hauv lub vuam teeb thiab rau lub tshuab vuam), thiab hauv av. rau
⑷ Vim tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntau zaus oscillation Circuit Court yog qhov siab, nws yuav tsum muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha.
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2. Tiv thaiv kev raug mob hluav taws xob
1. Qhov chaw thiab kev phom sij ntawm hluav taws xob
Lub thoriated tungsten electrode siv hauv argon arc vuam thiab ntshav arc vuam muaj 1-1.2% thorium oxide. Thorium yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas cuam tshuam los ntawm hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm vuam thiab thaum sib cuag nrog tus pas nrig thoriated tungsten.
Radiation ua rau tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv ob hom: ib qho yog sab nraud irradiation, thiab lwm yam yog sab hauv irradiation thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm cov pa thiab digestive systems. Ntau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ntsuas ntawm argon arc vuam thiab plasma arc vuam tau ua pov thawj tias lawv cov kev phom sij ntawm cov xov tooj cua yog qhov me me, vim tias tsuas yog 100-200 mg ntawm thoriated tungsten rods tau noj txhua hnub, thiab cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob tsawg heev thiab muaj tsawg. cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev. . Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob qhov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau: ua ntej, thaum vuam hauv lub thawv, qhov cua tsis zoo, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov pa luam yeeb yuav dhau ntawm cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv; thib ob, thaum sib tsoo thorium tungsten rods thiab qhov twg muaj thorium tungsten rods, radioactive aerosols Thiab cov concentration ntawm radioactive plua plav tuaj yeem ncav cuag lossis tshaj li cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv. Kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hluav taws xob tsis zoo, uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, pom tseeb tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog, txo qis tsis kam tiv thaiv kab mob, poob phaus thiab lwm yam tsos mob. rau
2. Kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob puas tsuaj
⑴Thoriated tungsten rods yuav tsum muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb cia. Thaum khaws cia rau hauv qhov ntau, lawv yuav tsum muab zais rau hauv cov thawv hlau thiab nruab nrog cov kav dej.
⑵ Thaum siv lub hau kaw rau vuam, lub hau yuav tsum tsis txhob qhib thaum ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, yuav tsum hnav lub kaus mom hlau tiv thaiv huab cua lossis lwm yam kev ntsuas zoo yuav tsum tau ua. rau
⑶ Lub log tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau npaj rau kev sib tsoo thoriated tungsten rods. Lub grinder yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv tshem tawm plua plav. Kev sib tsoo cov khib nyiab rau hauv av ntawm lub tshuab grinder yuav tsum tau ntxuav tas li los ntawm kev ntub dej thiab ua kom muaj zog thiab faus tob. rau
⑷ Hnav lub ntsej muag plua plav thaum sib tsoo thoriated tungsten rods. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv cov pas nrig thoriated tungsten, koj yuav tsum ntxuav koj txhais tes nrog dej thiab xab npum, thiab ntxuav koj cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm thiab hnab looj tes ntau zaus. rau
⑸ Xaiv qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb thaum vuam thiab txiav kom tsis txhob hlawv ntau dhau ntawm tus pas nrig thoriated tungsten. rau
⑹ Sim tsis txhob siv thoriated tungsten rods tab sis siv cerium tungsten rods los yog yttrium tungsten rods, vim hais tias ob lub tom kawg yog non-radioactive.
3. Tiv thaiv arc teeb puas
1. Kev phom sij ntawm arc hluav taws xob
Vuam arc hluav taws xob feem ntau suav nrog pom lub teeb, infrared ray thiab ultraviolet rays. Lawv ua rau tib neeg lub cev thiab raug nqus los ntawm tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau thermal, photochemical lossis ionization cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg puas.
⑴ Ultraviolet rays Lub wavelength ntawm ultraviolet rays nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.4-0.0076 microns. Qhov luv luv wavelength, qhov loj dua qhov kev puas tsuaj lom. Tib neeg cov tawv nqaij thiab ob lub qhov muag yog rhiab heev rau kev raug ultraviolet rays. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm muaj zog ultraviolet rays, daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau dermatitis, nrog erythema tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, zoo li nws tau raug tshav ntuj, thiab txawm tias me me hlwv, exudate thiab edema, nrog kub hnyiab, khaus, rhiab, thiab tom qab darkening. . Peeling. Lub qhov muag yog rhiab heev rau ultraviolet rays. Lub sij hawm luv luv tuaj yeem ua rau mob keratoconjunctivitis, uas hu ua electrophoto ophthalmia. Cov tsos mob yog mob, gritty xav, kua muag ntau dhau, photophobia, ntshai cua, thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev. Feem ntau, Yuav tsis muaj sequelae. rau
Cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet ntawm vuam arc muaj qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau cov fibers puas, thiab cov ntaub paj rwb yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws. Cov ntaub dawb muaj zog UV hluav taws xob tiv thaiv vim nws cov khoom muaj zog muaj zog. Cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet uas tsim los ntawm argon arc vuam yog 5-10 npaug ntawm phau ntawv arc vuam, thiab qhov kev puas tsuaj loj dua. Cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm rau argon arc vuam yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv acid-resistant xws li tweed thiab oak silk.
⑵ Infrared ray Lub wavelength ntawm infrared ray yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 343-0.76 microns. Nws qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev yog cov nyhuv thermal ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Ntev-yoj infrared rays tuaj yeem nqus los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, ua rau tib neeg xav tias kub; luv-yoj infrared rays tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau lawv kub.
Heats cov ntshav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg sib sib zog nqus, ua rau kub hnyiab. Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, koj ob lub qhov muag yuav raug hluav taws xob muaj zog infrared, thiab koj yuav hnov zoo li kub hnyiab thiab kub hnyiab, thiab flash hallucinations yuav tshwm sim. Kev raug mob mus ntev kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj kab mob cataracts, tsis pom kev, thiab thaum mob hnyav, qhov muag tsis pom kev. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag kub hnyiab.
⑶ Pom pom lub teeb Lub teeb hloov ntawm lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub vuam arc yog ntau dua 10,000 npaug ntau dua li qhov hloov ntawm lub teeb uas qhov muag liab qab ib txwm muaj peev xwm tiv taus. Thaum raug hluav taws xob, lub qhov muag yuav hnov mob thiab pom tsis meej rau ib pliag. Lub arc feem ntau hu ua "dazzling", thiab lub peev xwm ua haujlwm tau poob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, tab sis tuaj yeem rov qab los sai sai. rau
2. Kev tiv thaiv vuam arc teeb
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub qhov muag los ntawm kev puas tsuaj arc teeb, welders yuav tsum hnav lub npog ntsej muag nrog lub lim tshwj xeeb thaum vuam. Lub npog ntsej muag yog ua los ntawm cov duab los qhia tsaus, uas zoo li zoo li tus, lub teeb yuag, tiv taus tshav kub, tsis muaj hluav taws xob, thiab tsis xau lub teeb. Lub lens lim mounted ntawm lub npog ntsej muag, feem ntau hu ua iav dub, feem ntau yog siv los ua lub ntsej muag lim dej. Nws txoj kev xaiv dub yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov siv ntawm cov vuam tam sim no. Lub welder lub zeem muag thiab qhov ci ntawm qhov chaw vuam yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Cov tub ntxhais hluas welds muaj qhov muag pom tau zoo thiab yuav tsum siv cov ntxaij lim dej nrog cov xim loj thiab tsaus. Thaum vuam thaum hmo ntuj los yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus, yuav tsum tau xaiv cov tsom iav dub.
Muaj ib hom kev tiv thaiv lub teeb pom kev zoo uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub teeb pom kev muaj zog, ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm arc teeb uas ua rau lub qhov muag puas, thiab tiv thaiv lub qhov muag zoo dua. Kuj tseem muaj lub lens photoelectric uas tuaj yeem kho lub teeb. Nws muaj qhov pom tseeb zoo thaum lub arc tsis ignited thiab tuaj yeem pom pom qhov zoo nkauj sab nraum daim iav. Thaum lub arc yog ignited, lub blackness ntawm lub tsom iav yuav tam sim ntawd tob zuj zus thiab nws muaj peev xwm thaiv lub teeb zoo. Qhov no tshem tawm qhov yuav tsum tau nqa lub npog ntsej muag lossis tig lub tsom iav tiv thaiv thaum hloov cov welding rods.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov welder ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm kev puas tsuaj arc, welder cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov xim dawb lossis dawb canvas kom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm lub teeb pom kev. Cov hnab ris ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsaus nti. Thaum ua hauj lwm, lub cuffs yuav tsum tau muab khi kom nruj, cov hnab looj tes yuav tsum muab tso rau sab nraud ntawm lub cuffs, dab tshos yuav tsum tau ceev, lub ris ceg yuav tsum tsis txhob txo qis, thiab cov tawv nqaij yuav tsum tsis txhob raug.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam thiab lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw vuam los ntawm kev raug mob los ntawm arc teeb, lawv yuav tsum koom tes nrog ib leeg, hais nyob zoo ua ntej pib hluav taws, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam yuav tsum hnav cov iav xim. Thaum vuam nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov, yuav tsum tau siv lub teeb-shielding screen.
Kev phom sij ntawm cov pa phem
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab kub thiab muaj zog ultraviolet rays ntawm vuam arc, ntau yam teeb meem gases yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub arc cheeb tsam, uas ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide thiab hydrogen fluoride yog lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav.
1. Ozone Oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua muaj kev cuam tshuam photochemical nyob rau hauv luv luv-yoj ultraviolet irradiation los tsim ozone (O3). Ozone yog lub teeb xiav roj nrog cov ntxhiab tsw. Thaum lub concentration yog siab, nws muaj ib tug fishy tsw; thaum lub concentration siab dua, nws muaj ib tug me ntsis qaub saj nyob rau hauv fishy tsw. Nws qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev yog tias nws muaj zog stimulating nyhuv ntawm lub ntsws thiab lub ntsws. Thaum cov ozone concentration ntau tshaj ib qho kev txwv, nws feem ntau ua rau hnoos, caj pas qhuav, tus nplaig qhuav, hauv siab nruj, tsis qab los noj mov, qaug zog, kiv taub hau, xeev siab, mob plab, thiab lwm yam. Thaum mob hnyav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum vuam hauv lub thawv kaw nrog Qhov cua tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws.
Raws li kev ntsuas, ozone concentration nyob rau hauv lub vuam ib puag ncig muaj feem xyuam rau yam xws li vuam txoj kev, vuam cov ntaub ntawv, tiv thaiv gases, thiab vuam specifications.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv kuv lub tebchaws, tus qauv kev nyiam huv rau ozone concentration yog 0.3 mg / m3.
2. Nitrogen oxides Nitrogen oxides thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub siab ntawm arc, uas ua rau dissociation thiab recombination ntawm nitrogen thiab oxygen molecules nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Nitrogen oxides kuj ua rau cov pa roj lom lom, tab sis lawv tsis muaj tshuaj lom tsawg dua li ozone. Nitrogen oxides feem ntau muaj cov nyhuv stimulating ntawm lub ntsws.
Cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau qhov concentration ntawm nitrogen oxides zoo ib yam li ozone. Thaum lub sij hawm argon arc vuam thiab plasma arc vuam, yog tias tsis ntsuas qhov cua, qhov concentration ntawm nitrogen oxides feem ntau tshaj li cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm ntau tshaj kaum zaug lossis txawm kaum ob zaug. Peb lub teb chaws tau teev tseg tias tus qauv kev noj qab haus huv rau nitrogen oxides (hloov mus rau = nitrogen oxide) yog 5 mg / m3.
Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, qhov ua tau ntawm nitrogen oxides uas twb muaj lawm ib leeg yog tsawg heev. Feem ntau ozone thiab nitrogen oxides muaj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog li lawv muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua. Feem ntau, lub xub ntiag ntawm ob lub pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau tib lub sijhawm yog 15-20 npaug ntawm kev phom sij ntau dua li cov pa roj ib leeg.
3. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog tsim los ntawm kev decomposition ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm lub arc. Txhua yam kev qhib arc vuam yuav tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas cov pa roj carbon dioxide shielded vuam ua rau qhov siab tshaj plaws. Raws li kev ntsuas, cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg tuaj yeem ncav cuag 300 mg / m3, uas yog ntau tshaj kaum npaug ntawm cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv. Cov concentration ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tsim thaum lub sij hawm plasma arc vuam kuj yog siab heev, yog li yuav tsum tau them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis zoo ventilated ib puag ncig.
Muaj li ntawm 1% carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv cov pa luam yeeb ntawm phau ntawv arc vuam, thiab cov concentration hauv lub thawv kaw nrog qhov cua tsis zoo tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15 mg / m3. Kuv lub teb chaws cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv tau teev tseg tias cov pa roj carbon monoxide concentration yog 30 mg / m3.
Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog cov pa roj asphyxiating. Nws cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev yog los cuam tshuam kev thauj mus los ntawm oxygen hauv lub cev lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nqus oxygen, ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia thiab cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm hypoxia. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide lom yog: mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, xeev siab, ntuav, tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj zog hauv ob txhais ceg, thiab txawm tias muaj kev ntxhov siab. Yog tias koj tawm ntawm qhov chaw tam sim ntawd thiab ua pa hauv huab cua ntshiab, cov tsos mob yuav ploj mus sai. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav dua, ntxiv rau qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob saum toj no, tus mem tes nce, tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem txav mus, nkag mus rau hauv lub coma, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem los ntawm cov tsos mob xws li cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, myocardial puas, thiab lub plawv dhia. tsis meej pem. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev rau tib neeg lub cev. Kev nqus tau ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau neurasthenia xws li mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, tawv nqaij daj ntseg, tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ceg tawv, poob phaus, thiab tsis xis nyob.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-22-2024
