Nitrogen Series Siv Nitrogen

Kev siv cov nitrogen hauv ntau yam kev lag luam

1. Kev siv cov nitrogen

Nitrogen yog xim tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw inert gas. Yog li ntawd, roj nitrogen tau dav siv los ua cov roj tiv thaiv. Cov kua nitrogen tau dav siv los ua qhov nruab nrab khov uas tuaj yeem sib cuag nrog huab cua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev gas. , qee qhov kev siv yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Hlau ua: Nitrogen roj qhov chaw rau kev kho cua sov xws li ci quenching, ci annealing, nitriding, nitrocarburizing, mos carbonization, thiab lwm yam.; tiv thaiv roj thaum vuam thiab hmoov metallurgy sintering txheej txheem, thiab lwm yam.

2. Tshuaj synthesis: Nitrogen feem ntau yog siv los ua cov tshuaj ammonia. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mis yog N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 (cov xwm txheej muaj kev kub ntxhov, kub siab, thiab catalyst. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab) lossis hluavtaws fiber ntau (nylon, acrylic), hluavtaws cob, hluavtaws roj hmab, thiab lwm yam raw khoom tseem ceeb. Nitrogen yog cov khoom noj uas tuaj yeem siv los ua chiv. Piv txwv li: ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3, ammonium chloride NH4Cl, ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, thiab lwm yam.

3. Kev lag luam Electronics: Nitrogen qhov chaw rau kev ua cov kev sib txuas loj loj, cov yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab, TV thiab xov tooj cua thiab cov khoom siv semiconductor.

4. Metallurgical kev lag luam: tiv thaiv roj rau nruam casting, nruam dov thiab steel annealing; ua ke nitrogen tshuab rau saum thiab hauv qab ntawm converter rau steelmaking, sealing rau converter steelmaking, sealing rau moj tej tawg rauv sab saum toj, roj rau pulverized thee txhaj rau blast furnace ironmaking, thiab lwm yam.

5. Kev txuag zaub mov: khaws cia nitrogen uas muaj nitrogen thiab khaws cia cov nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab lwm yam.; nitrogen-filled preservation ntim ntawm nqaij, cheese, mustard, tshuaj yej thiab kas fes, thiab lwm yam.; nitrogen-filled thiab oxygen-depleted preservation ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua txiv, raw roj thiab jams, thiab lwm yam.; ntau lub raj mis zoo li cawv purification thiab kev pab them nqi, thiab lwm yam.

6. Kev lag luam tshuaj: Nitrogen-filled cia thiab khaws cia cov tshuaj suav tshuaj (xws li ginseng); Nitrogen-filled txhaj tshuaj ntawm Western tshuaj; Nitrogen-filled cia thiab ntim; Gas qhov chaw rau pneumatic tsheb thauj mus los ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab lwm yam.

7. Kev lag luam tshuaj: tiv thaiv roj hauv kev hloov pauv, tu, sealing, nrhiav kom pom, qhuav coke quenching; gas siv nyob rau hauv catalyst regeneration, roj av fractionation, tshuaj fiber ntau lawm, thiab lwm yam.

8. Kev lag luam chiv: nitrogen chiv raw khoom; gas rau hloov, sealing, ntxuav, thiab catalyst tiv thaiv.

9. Kev lag luam yas: pneumatic kis ntawm cov khoom yas; anti-oxidation hauv yas ntau lawm thiab cia, thiab lwm yam.

10. Roj hmab kev lag luam: roj hmab ntim thiab cia; log tsheb ntau lawm, thiab lwm yam.

11. Kev lag luam iav: tiv thaiv roj hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov iav ntab.

12. Petroleum kev lag luam: nitrogen them thiab purification ntawm cia, ntim, catalytic cracking yees, pipelines, thiab lwm yam .; huab cua siab xau kuaj cov kav dej, thiab lwm yam.

13. Offshore roj kev loj hlob; gas npog ntawm platforms hauv offshore roj extraction, siab txhaj nitrogen rau roj extraction, inerting ntawm cia tank, ntim, thiab lwm yam.

14. Warehousing: Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cellars thiab warehouses los ntawm kev ntes hluav taws thiab tawg, sau cov nitrogen.

15. Kev thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv: roj siv rau kev tu lub tanker thiab kev tiv thaiv.

16. Aerospace technology: foob pob hluav taws roj booster, tso pa taws hloov roj thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb roj, astronaut control gas, space simulation room, cleaning gas for aircraft fuel pipelines, thiab lwm yam.

17. Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov roj, roj, thiab cov thee mining industries: Sau cov roj zoo nrog nitrogen tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom lub siab nyob rau hauv lub qhov dej thiab ua kom cov roj ntau lawm, tab sis cov nitrogen kuj yuav siv tau raws li ib tug cushion nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas ntawm laum kav. , kom tsis txhob muaj av nkos hauv qhov dej. Muaj peev xwm ntawm crushing lub qis raj kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nitrogen kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm downhole xws li acidification, fracturing, hydraulic blowholes, thiab hydraulic packer teeb. Sau cov nkev roj nrog nitrogen tuaj yeem txo cov nqi calorific. Thaum hloov cov kav dej nrog cov roj av, cov kua nitrogen tuaj yeem siv los hlawv thiab txhaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob qhov kawg kom khov thiab kaw lawv.

18. Lwm tus:

A. Cov xim pleev xim thiab cov txheej txheem yog ntim nrog nitrogen thiab oxygen los tiv thaiv cov polymerization ntawm cov roj kom qhuav; cov roj thiab cov nkev roj cia tank, ntim, thiab cov kav dej thauj mus los tau ntim nrog nitrogen thiab oxygen, thiab lwm yam.

B. Tsheb log tsheb

(1) Txhim kho lub log tsheb ruaj khov thiab kev nplij siab

Nitrogen yog ib qho yuav luag inert diatomic gas nrog tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog. Cov pa roj molecules loj dua li cov pa oxygen molecules, tsis yooj yim rau thermal expansion thiab contraction, thiab muaj ib tug me me deformation ntau yam. Nws tus nqi nkag mus rau hauv lub log tsheb sab nrauv yog li 30 mus rau 40% qeeb dua li huab cua, thiab nws tuaj yeem tswj xyuas lub log tsheb siab, txhim kho lub log tsheb ruaj khov, thiab ua kom muaj kev nplij siab ntawm kev tsav tsheb; nitrogen muaj suab conductivity tsawg, sib npaug rau 1/5 ntawm huab cua zoo tib yam. Kev siv nitrogen tuaj yeem txo cov suab nrov ntawm lub log tsheb thiab txhim kho kev tsav tsheb.

(2) Tiv thaiv lub log tsheb tawm thiab khiav tawm ntawm huab cua

Cov log tsheb tiaj tus yog tus thib ib ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm kev tsheb. Raws li kev txheeb cais, 46% ntawm cov tsheb sib tsoo ntawm txoj kev loj yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov log tsheb tsis ua haujlwm, ntawm cov log tsheb sib tsoo suav txog 70% ntawm tag nrho cov log tsheb sib tsoo. Thaum lub tsheb tsav tsheb, lub log tsheb kub yuav nce vim muaj kev sib txhuam nrog hauv av. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsav tsheb ntawm kev kub ceev thiab thaum muaj xwm ceev braking, qhov kub ntawm cov roj hauv lub log tsheb yuav nce sai thiab lub log tsheb siab yuav nce siab, yog li muaj peev xwm ua rau lub log tsheb tawg. Qhov kub thiab txias ua rau lub log tsheb muaj hnub nyoog, txo qhov qaug zog, thiab ua rau hnyav hnyav hnyav, uas kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom lub log tsheb tawg. Piv nrog rau cov huab cua siab zoo tib yam, high-purity nitrogen yog tsis muaj oxygen thiab yuav luag tsis muaj dej los yog roj. Nws muaj cov thermal expansion coefficient tsawg, tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity, qeeb kub nce, uas txo qhov ceev ntawm log tsheb thaum tshav kub kub tsub kom, thiab yog non-flammable thiab tsis txhawb combustion. , yog li lub caij nyoog ntawm lub log tsheb tuaj yeem txo qis heev.

(3) Txhim kho lub log tsheb

Tom qab siv cov nitrogen, lub log tsheb siab ruaj khov thiab lub ntim hloov me me, uas txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov log tsheb tsis sib xws, xws li cov yas hnav, lub xub pwg nyom hnav, thiab eccentric hnav, thiab ua rau lub log tsheb muaj zog; Kev laus ntawm cov roj hmab cuam tshuam los ntawm cov pa oxygen molecules hauv huab cua Vim yog oxidation, nws lub zog thiab elasticity txo qis tom qab kev laus, thiab yuav muaj kab nrib pleb. Qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj rau shortening lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm log tsheb. Cov khoom sib cais nitrogen tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen, sulfur, roj, dej thiab lwm yam impurities nyob rau hauv cov huab cua mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, txo cov oxidation degree ntawm lub log sab hauv thiab cov roj hmab corrosion, thiab yuav tsis corrode cov hlau ntug, ncua lub log tsheb lub neej. . Lub neej kev pab cuam kuj zoo heev txo cov xeb ntawm lub npoo.

(4) Txo kev siv roj thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig

Tsis txaus lub log tsheb siab thiab nce dov tsis kam tom qab cua sov yuav ua rau muaj roj ntau ntxiv thaum tsav tsheb. Nitrogen, ntxiv rau kev tswj cov log tsheb ruaj khov thiab ncua lub log tsheb siab txo qis, yog qhuav, tsis muaj roj lossis dej, thiab muaj thermal conductivity tsawg. , cov cua kub qeeb qeeb txo qhov kub nce thaum lub log tsheb khiav, thiab lub log deformation me me, tuav tau zoo dua qub, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov rolling kuj raug txo, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txo cov roj noj.

2. Kev siv cov kua nitrogen khov

1. Cryogenic tshuaj: phais, kho cryogenic, ntshav tub yees, tshuaj khov thiab cryogenic crushing, thiab lwm yam.

2. Bioengineering: cryopreservation thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig, cov hlwb cog, cov kab mob caj ces, thiab lwm yam.

3. Hlau ua: khov kho cov hlau, khov cam khwb cia, extrusion thiab sib tsoo, thiab lwm yam.

4. Kev ua zaub mov: cov khoom siv khov kho sai, khoom noj khoom haus khov thiab kev thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam.

5. Aerospace thev naus laus zis: tso cov khoom siv, qhov chaw txias ntawm qhov chaw simulation chav, thiab lwm yam.

3. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam, kev siv ntau ntawm nitrogen tau dhau los ua qhov dav thiab tau nkag mus rau ntau qhov kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

1. Daim ntawv thov hauv kev kho cua sov hlau: Nitrogen-raws li cua sov kev kho cua sov nrog nitrogen tsw raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab txheej txheem rau kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj kuab paug ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev siv tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Nws tau pom tias yuav luag tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov, suav nrog quenching, annealing, carburizing, carbonitriding, soft nitriding thiab recarburization, tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov pa roj nitrogen. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau kho tuaj yeem muab piv rau qhov sib piv rau cov kev kho mob endothermic ib txwm muaj. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txoj kev loj hlob, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem tshiab no nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv ascendant thiab tau tiav fruitful.

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2. Daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob: Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv semiconductor, nitrogen nrog cov purity ntau dua 99.999% yuav tsum tau siv los ua cov roj tiv thaiv. Tam sim no, kuv lub teb chaws tau siv high-purity nitrogen raws li cov cab kuj roj thiab cov roj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov xim TV duab raj, loj-scale integrated circuits, kua muaju thiab semiconductor silicon wafers.

3. Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv chemical fiber ntau lawm txheej txheem: High-purity nitrogen feem ntau yog siv los ua ib tug tiv thaiv roj nyob rau hauv chemical fiber ntau lawm los tiv thaiv cov khoom fiber ntau los ntawm oxidized thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom thiab cuam tshuam cov xim. Qhov siab dua qhov purity ntawm nitrogen, qhov zoo nkauj dua cov xim ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau. Niaj hnub no, qee lub chaw tsim tshuaj fiber ntau hauv kuv lub tebchaws tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv nitrogen siab.

4. Daim ntawv thov hauv thaj chaw khaws cia thiab khaws cia: Tam sim no, txoj kev ntim cov khoom ntim khoom ntim, ntim nrog nitrogen thiab tshem tawm cua tau siv dav hauv txawv teb chaws los khaws cov nplej. Peb lub teb chaws kuj tau ua tiav kev sim cov qauv no thiab nkag mus rau theem ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab kev thov. Siv cov pa nitrogen tso rau khaws cov nplej xws li nplej, nplej, barley, pob kws, thiab nplej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab, cua sov, thiab mildew, kom lawv khaws tau zoo nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov. Txoj kev no yog kaw cov nplej kom nruj nrog cov ntaub yas, ua ntej khiav tawm mus rau lub xeev tsis muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab tom qab ntawd sau nws nrog nitrogen nrog purity ntawm li 98% kom txog rau thaum lub zog sab hauv thiab sab nraud yog sib npaug. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov qoob loo ntawm cov pa oxygen, txo qis kev ua pa ntawm cov nplej, thiab inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Txhua tus borers yuav tuag vim tsis muaj oxygen hauv 36 teev. Txoj kev no ntawm kev txo cov pa oxygen thiab tua kab tsis tsuas yog txuag nyiaj ntau (kwv yees li ib feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov nqi ntawm fumigation nrog cov tshuaj lom heev xws li zinc phosphide), tab sis kuj tswj cov khoom noj tshiab thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.

Nitrogen-filled cia thiab khaws cia cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, tshuaj yej, thiab lwm yam kuj yog txoj kev tshaj plaws. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, nplooj, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig high-nitrogen thiab qis-oxygen, zoo li nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev hibernation, inhibiting tom qab-ripening, thiab yog li ua kom lawv tshiab rau lub sijhawm ntev. Raws li kev ntsuam xyuas, txiv apples khaws cia nrog nitrogen tseem nkig thiab qab qab tom qab 8 lub hlis, thiab tus nqi khaws cia ntawm txiv apples ib kilogram yog li 1 dime. Nitrogen-filled cia tuaj yeem txo qhov poob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum lub caij ncov, ua kom cov khoom noj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo exported, thiab nce cov nyiaj tau los txawv teb chaws.

Tshuaj yej yog nqus thiab muaj nitrogen, uas yog, cov tshuaj yej yog muab tso rau hauv ib ob-txheej aluminium-platinum (los yog nylon polyethylene-aluminium composite foil) lub hnab, cua yog muab rho tawm, nitrogen yog txhaj, thiab lub hnab ntim tau kaw. Tom qab ib xyoos, cov tshuaj yej zoo yuav tshiab, tshuaj yej kua zaub yuav ntshiab thiab ci, thiab saj yuav ntshiab thiab tsw. Pom tseeb, siv txoj kev no los khaws cov tshuaj yej tshiab zoo dua li lub tshuab nqus tsev ntim lossis ntim khov.

Tam sim no, ntau yam khoom noj tseem ntim rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis ntim khov. Lub tshuab nqus tsev ntim yog qhov ua rau huab cua to, thiab cov ntim ntim khov yog qhov ua rau tsis zoo. Tsis muaj leej twg zoo li lub tshuab nqus tsev uas muaj nitrogen puv.

5. Kev siv hauv aerospace technology

Lub qab ntuj khwb yog txias, tsaus thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug siab nqus tsev vacuum. Thaum tib neeg mus rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, lawv yuav tsum xub ua qhov chaw simulation simulation hauv av. Cov kua nitrogen thiab kua helium yuav tsum tau siv los simulate qhov chaw. Qhov loj-scale simulation chambers nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States siv 300,000 cubic meters ntawm nitrogen gas ib lub hlis los ua qhov loj-scale cua qhov simulation simulation. Ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tawg, cov hluav taws tua hluav taws nitrogen raug teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw tsim nyog. High-pressure nitrogen kuj yog lub siab muab roj rau foob pob ua ntxaij roj (kua hydrogen-kua pa oxygen) thiab cov pa ntxuav rau lub combustion pipeline.

Ua ntej lub dav hlau yuav tawm los yog tom qab tsaws, txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg hauv lub cav combustion chamber, feem ntau yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub cav combustion chamber nrog nitrogen.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nitrogen kuj tseem siv los ua cov roj tiv thaiv hauv atomic reactors.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nitrogen yog nce nyiam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tuav pov hwm. Qhov kev thov rau nitrogen yog loj hlob nrog txoj kev loj hlob thiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam kev tsim kho, cov nyiaj nitrogen siv hauv kuv lub teb chaws kuj tseem yuav nce sai.