Rau vuam hlau uas muaj Si, Mn, S, P, Cr, Al, Ti, Mo, V thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying ntawm kev ua haujlwm vuam tau piav qhia hauv qab no:
Silicon (Si)
Silicon yog qhov feem ntau siv deoxidizing cov khoom hauv vuam hlau, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hlau los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog oxidation, thiab tuaj yeem txo FeO hauv lub pas dej molten. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias silicon deoxidation siv ib leeg, qhov ua rau SiO2 muaj qhov siab melting point (kwv yees li 1710 ° C), thiab qhov tshwm sim me me, ua rau nws nyuaj rau ntab tawm ntawm lub pas dej molten, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau slag inclusions. vuam hlau.
Manganese (Mn)
Cov nyhuv ntawm manganese zoo ib yam li silicon, tab sis nws lub peev xwm deoxidation yog me ntsis phem dua li ntawm silicon. Siv manganese deoxidation ib leeg, cov tsim MnO muaj qhov ceev dua (15.11g / cm3), thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau ntab tawm ntawm lub pas dej molten. Cov manganese muaj nyob rau hauv lub vuam hlau, ntxiv rau deoxidation, kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov sulfur los tsim manganese sulfide (MnS), thiab raug tshem tawm (desulfurization), yog li nws tuaj yeem txo qhov kev xav ntawm kub tawg los ntawm leej faj. Txij li thaum silicon thiab manganese siv ib leeg rau deoxidation, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau tshem tawm cov khoom deoxidized. Yog li, silicon-manganese sib koom ua ke deoxidation feem ntau yog siv tam sim no, yog li cov tsim SiO2 thiab MnO tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv silicate (MnO·SiO2). MnO·SiO2 muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg (kwv yees 1270 ° C) thiab qhov ntom ntom (kwv yees li 3.6g / cm3), thiab tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua cov slag loj thiab ntab tawm hauv lub pas dej molten kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo deoxidation. Manganese kuj tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau alloying nyob rau hauv cov hlau thiab ib qho tseem ceeb hardenability caij, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub toughness ntawm weld hlau. Thaum Mn cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 0.05%, qhov toughness ntawm cov hlau vuam yog siab heev; thaum Mn cov ntsiab lus ntau dua 3%, nws yog nkig heev; Thaum cov ntsiab lus Mn yog 0.6-1.8%, cov hlau vuam muaj zog dua thiab tawv.
Sulfur (S)
Sulfur feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlau sulfide nyob rau hauv steel, thiab yog muab faib nyob rau hauv lub grain ciam teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug network, yog li txo qhov toughness ntawm hlau. Qhov kub ntawm eutectic ntawm hlau ntxiv rau hlau sulfide yog tsawg (985 ° C). Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kub ua hauj lwm, txij li thaum lub sij hawm pib kub yog feem ntau 1150-1200 ° C, thiab cov eutectic ntawm hlau thiab hlau sulfide tau melted, uas ua rau tawg thaum lub sij hawm ua, qhov tshwm sim no yog hu ua "kub embrittlement ntawm leej faj" . Cov cuab yeej ntawm leej faj no ua rau cov hlau tsim kub tawg thaum lub sij hawm vuam. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm sulfur nyob rau hauv steel feem ntau nruj me ntsis tswj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam, cov pa roj carbon zoo thiab cov hlau zoo siab yog nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj sulfur thiab phosphorus. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, manganese muaj cov nyhuv desulfurization, vim tias manganese tuaj yeem tsim manganese sulfide (MnS) nrog lub siab melting point (1600 ° C) nrog sulfur, uas yog faib rau hauv cov nplej hauv daim ntawv granular. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub, manganese sulfide muaj cov yas txaus, yog li tshem tawm cov phom sij txaus ntshai. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo los tuav ib qho nyiaj ntawm manganese hauv hlau.
Phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ferrite hauv hlau. Nws ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau yog thib ob tsuas yog carbon, uas ua rau kom lub zog thiab hardness ntawm hlau. Phosphorus tuaj yeem txhim kho corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau, thaum plasticity thiab toughness yog txo qis. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov cuam tshuam loj dua, uas yog hu ua qhov txias hauv caug nyiam ntawm phosphorus. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis zoo rau welding thiab ua rau kom tawg rhiab heev ntawm cov hlau. Raws li impurity, cov ntsiab lus ntawm phosphorus nyob rau hauv steel kuj yuav tsum tau txwv.
Chromium (Cr)
Chromium tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog thiab hardness ntawm cov hlau tsis txo cov plasticity thiab toughness. Chromium muaj zog corrosion kuj thiab acid kuj, yog li austenitic stainless hlau feem ntau muaj ntau chromium (ntau tshaj 13%). Chromium kuj muaj zog oxidation tsis kam thiab kub tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, chromium kuj tau siv dav hauv cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov, xws li 12CrMo, 15CrMo 5CrMo thiab lwm yam. Hlau muaj qee qhov nyiaj ntawm chromium [7]. Chromium yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau austenitic thiab cov khoom ferritizing, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov oxidation tsis kam thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov hlau alloy. Nyob rau hauv austenitic stainless hlau, thaum tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm chromium thiab npib tsib xee yog 40%, thaum Cr / Ni = 1, muaj ib tug nyiam ntawm kub tawg; Thaum Cr/Ni = 2.7, tsis muaj kev xav ntawm kub tawg. Yog li ntawd, thaum Cr/Ni = 2.2 mus rau 2.3 feem ntau 18-8 steel, chromium yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim carbides nyob rau hauv alloy steel, uas ua rau lub tshav kub conduction ntawm hlau hlau tsis zoo, thiab chromium oxide yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim, uas ua rau vuam nyuaj.
Aluminium (AI)
Aluminium yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj zog deoxidizing cov ntsiab lus, yog li siv txhuas los ua tus neeg sawv cev deoxidizing tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov FeO tsawg dua, tab sis kuj yooj yim txo FeO, zoo inhibit cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm CO gas tsim nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke, thiab txhim kho lub peev xwm tiv thaiv CO. pores. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhuas kuj tuaj yeem ua ke nrog nitrogen los kho nitrogen, yog li nws tuaj yeem txo cov pores nitrogen. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog aluminium deoxidation, qhov tshwm sim Al2O3 muaj qhov siab melting point (kwv yees 2050 ° C), thiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub pas dej molten nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev, uas yuav ua rau slag inclusion nyob rau hauv lub weld. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov vuam hlau uas muaj txhuas yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau tawg, thiab cov ntsiab lus aluminium siab kuj tseem yuav txo qhov thermal cracking tsis kam ntawm cov hlau vuam, yog li cov ntsiab lus txhuas hauv vuam hlau yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob dhau. ntau. Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv lub vuam hlau yog tswj kom zoo, lub hardness, yield point thiab tensile zog ntawm cov hlau weld yuav zoo me ntsis.
Titanium (Ti)
Titanium kuj tseem muaj zog deoxidizing lub caij, thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua ke TiN nrog nitrogen los kho nitrogen thiab txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm vuam hlau los tiv thaiv cov pores nitrogen. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ti thiab B (boron) hauv cov qauv weld tsim nyog, cov qauv vuam tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua.
Molybdenum (hli)
Molybdenum nyob rau hauv cov hlau alloy tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau, ua kom cov nplej zoo dua, tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov thiab kev kub ntxhov, txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias, lub zog muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, thiab thaum molybdenum cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 0.6%, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho plasticity, txo qis. nyiam tawg thiab txhim kho kev cuam tshuam toughness. Molybdenum nyiam txhawb graphitization. Yog li, feem ntau molybdenum-muaj cov cua sov-resistant steel xws li 16Mo, 12CrMo, 15CrMo, thiab lwm yam. muaj li 0.5% molybdenum. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm molybdenum nyob rau hauv cov hlau alloy yog 0.6-1.0%, molybdenum yuav txo tau cov yas thiab toughness ntawm alloy hlau thiab ua rau kom quenching nyiam ntawm alloy hlau.
Vanadium (V)
Vanadium tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog ntawm cov hlau, ua kom zoo dua cov nplej, txo qhov nyiam ntawm cov qoob loo, thiab txhim kho hardenability. Vanadium yog ib qho muaj zog carbide tsim cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov carbides tsim yog ruaj khov hauv qab 650 ° C. Lub sij hawm hardening nyhuv. Vanadium carbides muaj qhov kub thiab txias, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias hardness ntawm hlau. Vanadium tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev faib cov carbides hauv cov hlau, tab sis vanadium yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov refractory oxides, uas ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov roj vuam thiab roj txiav. Feem ntau, thaum cov ntsiab lus vanadium nyob rau hauv weld seam yog li ntawm 0.11%, nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho nitrogen, tig qhov tsis zoo rau hauv qhov zoo.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-22-2023
