Txhua yam tsis xws luag tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov muag liab qab lossis lub iav tsom iav tsis muaj zog thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam, xws li undercut (undercut), weld nodules, arc pits, deg pores, slag inclusions, nto tawg, tsis tsim nyog. weld txoj hauj lwm, thiab lwm yam yog hu ua sab nraud tsis xws luag; thaum lub pores sab hauv, slag inclusions, internal cracks, incomplete penetration, thiab tsis tiav fusion uas yuav tsum tau nrhiav pom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los yog tshwj xeeb kev ntsuam xyuas uas tsis yog-destructive txoj kev yog hu ua internal defects. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau yog cov tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav cov slag thiab spatter tom qab vuam thiab vuam caws pliav.
1. Qhov loj ntawm qhov vuam tsis ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
1.1 Phenomenon: Qhov siab ntawm qhov vuam yog loj dhau los yog me me dhau thaum kuaj; los yog qhov dav ntawm cov weld yog dav dhau los yog nqaim dhau, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov vuam thiab cov khoom siv hauv lub hauv paus tsis yog du, qhov saum npoo yog ntxhib, qhov vuam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qhov ntev thiab kev sib hloov, thiab cov concave npaum li cas. weld nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum weld yog loj heev.
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1.2 Yog vim li cas:
1.2.1 Qhov ncaj ntawm qhov vuam zawj ua haujlwm tsis zoo, lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov zawj tsis raug lossis qhov loj ntawm qhov sib dhos sib dhos tsis sib xws.
1.2.2 Qhov tam sim no loj dhau thaum vuam, ua rau cov electrode yaj sai heev, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev tswj cov vuam tsim. Qhov tam sim no me me dhau, ua rau lub electrode "stick" thaum lub vuam arc pib, ua rau tsis tiav vuam lossis vuam nodules.
1.2.3 Lub welder kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj peev xwm txaus, tus pas nrig txav txoj kev tsis raug, xws li nrawm dhau lossis qeeb dhau, thiab lub kaum sab xis electrode tsis raug.
1.2.4 Nyob rau hauv submerged arc tsis siv neeg vuam txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem vuam tsis raug xaiv.
3. Yog tias nws txaus ntshai heev, tus menyuam puas tuaj yeem pw ntawm nws lub plab lossis sab? Lo lus teb yog: Yog, tus neeg laus tuaj yeem saib tus menyuam tsaug zog ntawm nws sab lossis plab thaum tsaug zog. Kev pw tsaug zog ntawm nws lub plab yog qhov zoo heev rau tus menyuam. Vim ntshai tus me nyuam yuav nqos cov mis nyuj, tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom pw tsaug zog ntawm ib sab, kom tus me nyuam lub cev tag nrho tuaj yeem nce siab, thiab lub taub hau me me tuaj yeem hloov kev taw qhia ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis thiab sab saud.
4. Cov ntaub pua txaj ntxiv kuj zais kev phom sij! Ntxiv rau tus menyuam mos thiab cov ntaub pua tsev raws caij nyoog, tshem cov hauv ncoo ntxiv, daim pam, cov khoom ua si, khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam khib nyiab ntawm lub txaj. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam faus nws lub ntsej muag nyob rau hauv cov khoom muag, nws yuav npog nws lub qhov ncauj thiab qhov ntswg, ua rau ua pa nyuaj. Tus me nyuam lub txaj tsis tas yuav mos heev, thiab qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog lub txaj me nyuam tawv. Kev ua niam txiv tsis yog ib qho yooj yim, thiab ua ib tus neeg saib xyuas zoo yog qhov nyuaj dua. Ob leeg yuav tsum tau kawm tsis tu ncua ntawm kev tshawb fawb niam txiv. Kuv xav kom cov me nyuam mos muaj peev xwm ua npau suav qab zib txhua hnub, thiab thaum sawv ntxov, siv lub suab nrov tshaj plaws los yog luag ntxhi zoo nkauj los hais "zoo thaum sawv ntxov" rau txhua tus niam txiv.
1.3 Kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj kev ntsuas
1.3.1 Cov txheej txheem vuam zawj raws li cov qauv tsim thiab vuam specifications, thiab sim siv cov txheej txheem ua kom lub zawj lub kaum sab xis thiab qhov ncaj ntawm qhov zawj ntug ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txiav thiab phau ntawv shoveling los ua cov txheej txheem. zawj. Thaum sib sau ua ke, xyuas kom meej qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv los ua lub hauv paus rau kev ua kom cov vuam zoo.
1.3.2 Xaiv cov txheej txheem vuam tsim nyog los ntawm kev ntsuas txheej txheem vuam.
1.3.3 Welders yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Kev cob qhia welders muaj qee qhov theoretical foundation thiab kev ua haujlwm.
1.3.4 Rau txheej txheej kawg ntawm ntau txheej welds ntawm qhov chaw vuam, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua kom fusion nrog rau hauv qab txheej, ib tug vuam pas nrig nrog ib tug me me tam sim no welding tam sim no ntawm txhua txheej thiab ib tug me me txoj kab uas hla (φ2.0mm. ~ 3.0mm) yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov chaw vuam. Qhov ceev ntawm lub vuam pas nrig yuav tsum tsis sib xws, ua kom nrawm nrawm mus ntev, thiab ua ib qho dav ntawm lub viav vias sab nraud, kom lub vuam nto tuaj yeem ua kom zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj.
2. Undercut (tom nqaij)
2.1 Phenomenon: Kev nyuaj siab los yog zawj melted los ntawm arc thaum vuam tsis ntxiv los ntawm cov hlau molten thiab tawm qhov sib txawv. Kev sib sib zog nqus tob dhau yuav ua rau lub zog ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke tsis muaj zog, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv zos, thiab cov kab nrib pleb yuav raug tsim tawm ntawm qhov kev txiav tom qab kev coj tus kheej.
2.2 Yog vim li cas:
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog vim li cas qhov vuam tam sim no loj dhau, lub arc ntev dhau lawm, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub electrode tsis tswj kom zoo, qhov ceev ntawm cov electrode tsis tsim nyog, thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov electrode sab laug ntawm qhov kawg ntawm vuam yog luv dhau. , uas ua rau kev tsim ntawm undercut. Nws feem ntau yog ib qho tsis xws luag hauv kev sib txuas ntsug, kab rov tav vuam, thiab kev siv lub taub hau.
2.3 Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
2.3.1 Qhov tam sim no yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau thaum vuam, lub arc yuav tsum tsis txhob ntev dhau los yog luv luv, thiab luv arc vuam yuav tsum tau siv ntau li ntau tau.
2.3.2 Master qhov tsim nyog lub kaum sab xis electrode thiab cov txuj ci electrode txav. Thaum lub electrode swings mus rau ntawm ntug, nws yuav tsum tau qeeb me ntsis kom lub molten electrode hlau nyob rau ntawm ntug, thiab nws yuav tsum tau ceev me ntsis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab.
2.3.3 Qhov tob ntawm cov weld undercut yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li 0.5 hli, qhov ntev yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li 10% ntawm tag nrho cov ntev ntawm weld, thiab qhov nruam ntev yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li 10 hli. Thaum qhov tob los yog ntau lawm tshaj qhov siab siab saum toj no, qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau ntxuav, thiab ib txoj kab uas hla me me thiab tib hom electrode yuav tsum tau siv. Lub vuam tam sim no me ntsis loj dua li qub, thiab cov vuam tau ntim.
3. Kev tawg
3.1 Phenomenon: Thaum lub sij hawm los yog tom qab vuam, hlau tawg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub vuam cheeb tsam. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv los yog sab nraum lub vuam, los yog nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam. Raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kab nrib pleb ntev, cov kab nrib pleb, cov kab nrib pleb, cov kab nrib pleb, cov kab nrib pleb, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kab nrib pleb, cov kab nrib pleb txias thiab cov kab nrib pleb.
3.2 Ua rau
3.2.1 Kev ntxhov siab loj yog tsim tom qab lub tshav kub cuam tshuam ntawm qhov vuam shrinks.
3.2.2 Cov khoom siv niam txiv muaj cov txheej txheem hardened ntau dua thiab ua rau tawg tom qab txias.
3.2.3 Muaj cov hydrogen concentration hauv cov vuam. Thiab lwm yam khoom tsis zoo impurities, thiab lwm yam, yog qhov ua rau txias thiab kub tawg.
3.3 Kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj kev ntsuas:
Txoj kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab, siv cov khoom siv vuam kom raug, thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
3.3.1 Ua tib zoo saib rau daim ntawv zawj ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke kom tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb los ntawm cov cua sov tsis sib xws thiab txias ntawm cov vuam vim thermal stress. Piv txwv li, thaum welding steel daim hlau ntawm txawv thicknesses, tuab steel phaj yuav tsum tau thinned.
3.3.2 Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov qauv tsim, nruj me ntsis tswj qhov chaw ntawm hydrogen, qhuav lub vuam pas nrig ua ntej siv, thiab ua tib zoo ntxuav cov roj, noo noo thiab lwm yam impurities ntawm qhov zawj.
3.3.3 Thaum lub sij hawm vuam, xaiv qhov tsim nyog vuam tsis txwv los tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm 800 thiab 3000 ℃ txias kub los txhim kho microstructure ntawm vuam thiab tshav kub-tshuaj.
3.3.4 Thaum lub vuam ib puag ncig qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsawg thiab cov khoom yog nyias, ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm kub kub, nws yuav tsum tau preheated ua ntej vuam. Tom qab vuam, sim ua kom qhov kub thiab txias maj mam thiab ua kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam kom tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv qhov vuam thaum lub caij txias.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-26-2024
